Week 2 Assignment – Annotated Bibliography

Akhter, N., Noor, A. E., & Iqbal, S. (2019). Impact of parents’ authoritative style on personality
traits of children: A case study of elementary class students in Pakistan. Journal of
Elementary Education, 29(2).
This study’s purpose is to examine the impacts of authoritative parenting on the five
personality traits of children attending elementary school, including openness, neuroticism,
extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness. Using an Ex Post Facto research
design, data was gathered from over 300 children and their parents using two
questionnaires: one to examine the parents’ parenting style and the second to check for
children’s personalities. The results found a significantly high and positive correlation
between authoritative parenting and four personality traits – openness, extraversion,
conscientiousness, and agreeableness – but negative association with neuroticism.
Authoritative parenting is identified as an integral element that can impact a child’s
development, as it is characterized by democracy, control, warmth, and the setting of high
expectations and standards. This study’s outcomes can help me support parent education by
ensuring critical elements of authoritative parenting are integrated into their parenting
styles to raise healthy individuals.
Mark, M. C. K., Yin, L., Li, M., Cheung, R. Y., & Oon, P. (2020). The relation between parenting
stress and child behavior problems: Negative parenting styles as mediator. Journal of Child
and Family Studies, 29(11), 2993–3003. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01785-3
This study explores the direct link between parenting styles, parenting stress, and perceived
child behavioral issues; and analyzes a model that demonstrates the mediating role of
permissive and authoritarian parenting styles on the correlation between parenting stress

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and behavioral issues among children in China. Overall, the paper seeks to understand how
two negative parenting styles (authoritarian and permissive) impact children’s behavior and
cause stress. A sample of 371 parents and preschool children aged 3-7 years were
recruited. The outcomes found a significant correlation between higher amounts of
parenting stress and increased behavioral issues among children. Negative parenting styles
(authoritarian and permissive) were positively linked to parenting stress; negative
parenting approaches also partially modulated or mediated the correlation between child
behavioral issues and parenting stress. One specific element identified with a substantial
impact is authoritarian parenting, characterized by a lack of responsiveness and warmth,
high expectations, and strict rules. This style can negatively impact child outcomes as it
can lead to stress and other behavioral issues. As an early childhood educator, this
information can support my parenting education, ensuring that parents understand the
significance of reducing negative behaviors, such as strictness, to foster better relationships
and outcomes for their children.
Lanjekar, P. D., Joshi, S. H., Lanjekar, P. D., & Wagh, V. (2022). The effect of parenting and the
parent-child relationship on a child’s cognitive development: A literature review. Cureus,
14(10). doi: 10.7759/cureus.30574
This literature review analyzes the impact of various parenting styles and child-parent
relationships on the cognitive growth of children. Overall, the entire article examines the
concepts of child development, parenting practice, and maturation. In their analysis
(results) section, the researchers identify four main categories of parenting styles:
neglecting/uninvolved parenting, permissive/indulgent parenting, authoritarian/controlling
parenting, and authoritative parenting. These styles can significantly impact the child’s

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cognitive development in multiple ways, either negatively or positively. For example,
uninvolved/neglecting parenting can significantly increase the risk of depression, while
authoritarian parenting can strain family relations, cause peer pressure, and increase stress
levels among children. Authoritative parenting remains the best prototype for parents, as it
inspires kids to be independent while setting limits and boundaries to regulate their actions.
As an early childhood educator, this article can help me discern and identify the most
effective approach parents can leverage to support their child’s cognitive and behavioral
development.

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References

Akhter, N., Noor, A. E., & Iqbal, S. (2019). Impact of parents’ authoritative style on
personality traits of children: A case study of elementary class students in Pakistan.
Journal of Elementary Education, 29(2).
Mark, M. C. K., Yin, L., Li, M., Cheung, R. Y., & Oon, P. (2020). The relation between
parenting stress and child behavior problems: Negative parenting styles as mediator.
Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(11), 2993–3003.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01785-3
Lanjekar, P. D., Joshi, S. H., Lanjekar, P. D., & Wagh, V. (2022). The effect of parenting and
the parent-child relationship on a child’s cognitive development: A literature review.
Cureus, 14(10). doi: 10.7759/cureus.30574