GEOSPATIAL LABORATORY REPORT

Geospatial Information Systems laboratory reports have been used to map out geographical
area problems with an aim of providing better insights at developing working solutions. This
is facilitated by use of intelligent software such as the ArcGIS Pro 2.2 which has been used
extensively in this report. Objectives of this work include Raster visualization and enhanced
compression.

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Lab objectives

The objectives include
 Raster visualization, in addition to the visualization of data models.
 Enhance comprehension of distinct features of data models.
 Establish the benefits and shortcomings of different data models.

Data Used
Type of data

Point shapefile
Polygon shapefile
Line shapefile

Methods

The software used for this exercise is ArcGIS Pro 2.2. The folder with the data was linked to
the software to make it show in the catalog. This is followed by inserting a topographic map
to the project window. Through using different tools in the software, one can get different
results that can be instrumental in the analysis of real-world problems while offering a
platform to make informed decisions. Raster resampling was also employed. This is a
technique of new cell values interpolation while changing the raster dataset when it passes
through geoprocessing function or when coordinate space changes. Resampling is whereby
image cell sizes can be altered when raster data has to be changed from one coordinate
system to another. This method is beneficial because it affects the overall output look. Some
of the resampling techniques employed include bilinear, cubic convolution, nearest neighbor,
and majority. An interesting thing to point out is that on the software when the cursor was
moved to any area in the image, one would be able to see the particular band and digital
numbers that were consistent with the bands. For instance, the water body was frequently in

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the Blue Band. When the map tips are enabled, one can view various feature and their
reflectance and absorption.

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Results

The results of this exercise are displayed in the two images generated below. What we have is
a normal display.

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Discussion

GIS can be used in a number of situations to solve geographical problems, for
instance, spreading of Corona Virus. This can be achieved by mapping out patterns and
generating meaning from various data points presented. Through getting to know the
software, one learns new tricks. For instance, the Histogram Equalization stretch, which
enhances the quality of geographical images.
Through this exercise, one can clearly understand vector data models that have three
objects, which are lines, polygons, and points. Through the use of X and Y coordinates, one
can outline various polygons as areas, points, and lines that relate to map features, for
instance, parcels and trails. Vector data models are useful as they contain topology
information, which is essential for most Geographical Information System operations.
Raster data model utilizes a collection of geometrically regular cells whereby each of the cell
has a discrete value that can be allocated to the most excellent attribute feature (Arctur &
Zeiler, 2004) . For instance, five hundred meters by five hundred meters raster cell, a
dominant feature can be maize plants whereby the cell will have a number that represents the
digital number of maize plants in that area. A raster incorporates a matrix of cells that are

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arranged into specific rows and columns whereby every cell exhibits a value of information
such as temperature (Farkas, 2017) .
Through this exercise, I was able to understand the concepts of continuous data model
better. These types of data models exhibit phenomena whereby every point or location on the
surface shows the level of concentration or its links from a particular point in space or a point
of emission. Continuous data is popularly known as surface data or non-discrete data.

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References

Arctur, D., & Zeiler, M. (2004). Designing Geodatabases: Case Studies in GIS Data
Modeling. Boston: ESRI, Inc.
Farkas, G. (2017). Practical GIS. Birmingham: Packt Publishing Ltd.