Annotated Outline: Childhood Obesity

I. Introduction to the issue of childhood obesity
A. Childhood obesity is a global health issue (Bagchi, 2020).
i. Definition of childhood obesity.
B. Data on childhood obesity
i. Children who are most affected by obesity.
ii. Children at risk of developing childhood obesity
iii. Countries with the highest cases of childhood obesity (Rambaran et al.,
2021)

2. Research on childhood obesity.
   A. Causes of childhood obesity.
   i. Sedentary lifestyles.
   ii. Poor nutrition (Wang et al., 2021)
   iii. Genetic predisposition.
   iv. Social dynamics related to obesity among children
   v. Social-economic factors.
   vi. Maternal factors (Horiuchi et al., 2021)
   B. Childhood obesity by gender.
   i. Obesity in boys.
   ii. Obesity in girls.
   C. Childhood obesity by age.

i. Age of children with the highest prevalence

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ii. Age with the lowest prevalence.
iii. Causes of variations based on age

D. Effects of childhood obesity.
i. Effects on a child’s health and comorbidities associated with childhood
obesity
ii. Effects on quality of life.
iii. Economic impacts of childhood obesity.
iv. Impact on later life as adults.
E. Initiatives that deal with Childhood obesity

i. School-based interventions (Ijaz et al., 2021)
ii. Setting-based interventions; physiotherapists through the implementation
of various interventions (Truong et al., 2021)
iii. Primary care-based interventions (Henderson, 2021)
iv. Pharmacological interventions (Ferruzzi et al., 2021).
v. Non-pharmacological interventions.
vi. Role of family members.
vii. Individual interventions (Angawi & Gaissi, 2021).

F. How to prevent childhood obesity

i. Providing children with healthy foods (Liverman et al., 2018)
ii. Children engagement in physical activity.
iii. Parents modelling healthy living

3. Summary
   A. A brief overview of research findings

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B. Identification of research gap
C. Suggestions for future research

i. Effectiveness of interventions in boys and girls. Are certain
interventions more effective when working with girls than boys, and
vice versa?

4. Conclusion
   A. Final remarks: based on the research, what are the programs that are effective in
   handling childhood obesity.

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References

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Bagchi, D. (2020). Global perspectives on childhood obesity. [electronic resource] : current
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Ferruzzi, A., Gasparini, L., Pietrobelli, A., Denina, M., Rigotti, E., & Piacentini, G. (2021).
Childhood obesity and SARS-CoV2: dangerous liaisons. Child & Adolescent Obesity
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Henderson, N. N. (2021). Childhood Obesity: Improving Outcomes Through Primary Care-
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Liverman, C. T., Koplan, J., & Kraak, V. I. (2018). Preventing childhood obesity. [electronic
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Rambaran, K., Teelucksingh, S., Gowrie Sankar, S., Boyne, M., Xuereb, G., Giorgetti, A., &
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