Explain the implications of each of these conditions on our health. What are the health risks of having too little body fat, and conversely, what are the risks of having too much body weight? 

Chapter 9 of your course text defines the following terms: underweight, overweight, and
obese. 
Being overweight can have various negative implications for one’s health. Being
overweight puts one at risk of various health consequences such as cardiovascular disease.
Heart disease and stroke are the main diseases associated with being obese. Obesity can also
result in type 2 diabetes and musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoarthritis (U.S.
Department of Health & Human Services, 2020). On the other hand, being underweight is
associated with health conditions such as malnutrition, osteoporosis, and improper immune
system. Being underweight may also result in infertility issues.
Using Figure 9-2 from Chapter 9 of the course text as a reference, explain how mortality
is impacted by underweight and overweight status. What preventive measures can we
take to prevent underweight and overweight issues in our society and maintain a
healthy body weight? 
The body mass index (BMI) uses one’s weight and height to arrive at an ideal weight
that is healthy. Through BMI, one can understand whether or not they overweight or
underweight (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2020). The ideal BMI for adults
ranges from 18.5 to 24.9. If one’s BMI fall below 18.5, they are deemed to be underweight. A
BMI between 25 and 30 indicates that one is overweight. On the other hand, a BMI of
between 30 and 39.9 indicates that one is obese. Anything beyond 39.9 indicates that one is
extremely obese. Figure 9-2 indicates that people who are underweight have an increased risk
of mortality (Sizer & Whitney, 2017). Similarly, obesity increases the risk of mortality. Ideal
weight can be achieved by proper nutrition as well as physical exercise. It is important for

individuals to make healthy dietary choices. A balanced diet as well as avoiding fast foods,
can help prevent obesity. Physical exercise can help one shed the extra calories. Physical
exercise also helps one maintain an ideal blood sugar level.
Report two actions or programs, that your community or state has implemented to
address underweight, overweight, and/or obesity.
The state of New York has undertaken several measures aimed at reducing the
incidence of obesity and individuals who are underweight. One policy is the Hunger
Prevention and Nutrition Assistance Program (HPNAP) (New York State, 2020). HPNAP
has been involved in the allocation of funds to improve the quality of food distributed.
Another program implemented by the city of New York is the Just Say Yes to Fruits and
Vegetable (JSY) (New York State, 2020). JSY provides comprehensive nutrition education to
residents of New York. The aim is to ensure that all residents embrace healthy eating.

References

New York State. (2020). Obesity prevention programs and activities. New York State
Department of
Health. https://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/obesity/prevention_activities/
Sizer, F. & Whitney, E. (2017). Nutrition: Concepts and controversies (14th ed.). Mason,
OH: Cengage Learning.
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (2020, June 30). The health effects of
overweight and obesity. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/effects/index.html