Media usage, especially television watching, influences people’s lives. The media dictates what to wear, what to look like, how to think, and how to speak. Thus, the people may be influenced to live a different life than they should, including losing weight to resemble their media role model. At this point, weight loss comes in, which, in some cases, is necessary for maintaining health or improving quality of life. It can also harm health when performed by inconsequential methods or when it is not necessary. This work aims to clarify the means and methods associated with safe, healthy, and sensible weight loss. Two different approaches to weight loss are given. First, the physiological aspects of exercise aimed at weight loss are addressed. It is discussed which forms of physical activity are most effective when the goal is to lose weight. Aerobic and anaerobic activities (weight training and interval training) are in question. Weight control is also much explored at work, the main point being energy balance, where the roles of exercise and diet in controlling energy balance are explored. Suggestions for weight loss are still cited for health, above aesthetics. These relationships encompass the influence of watching television on healthy weight standards and the effect of consistent physical activity on the weight of the respondents.

Table of Contents

Abstract 2

Introduction 4

Problem and Hypothesis Statement 4

Literature Review 5

Aerobic Training 5

Anaerobic Training 6

Role of Exercise in Weight Loss 7

Methodology 7

Analysis 8

Descriptive Statistics 8

Linear Regression 11

Results 11

Conclusion 11

Introduction

Excess body fat is associated with numerous health risk factors and limits mobility efficiency. These factors described above are good reasons for people to start changing their habits in search of greater longevity and healthier life. However, the main factor that leads people to seek help to lose weight is body aesthetics. The regular physical practice still has as its main objective the corporal aesthetics, in other words, a body that satisfies the current profile of the beauty. This “perfect” aesthetic that people so seek, or dream of, is usually based on standards that the media establishes as “beautiful.” The same media often passes information irresponsibly to those who wish to enter the aesthetic standards of modern society.

Often people resort to some physical activity with aesthetics, mainly intending to lose weight. Eager to get results satisfying and fast, they do not worry about knowing which activities are more suitable and safer for weight loss. This problem is even more compounded by the media’s influence (Fernández et al., 2019). in people’s lives. In the search for equity of ‘perfect’ bodies as displayed by the media, people do absurd things, such as diets found in magazines that lack scientific backing (Tomiyama et al., 2018). Besides, they enroll in a gym and exercise excessively, without respecting their bodies. Thus, understanding how media influences physical activity in weight-loss effectiveness is a need to understand.

Problem and Hypothesis Statement

The medical professionals clearly state the essence of maintaining the correct fat ratio in the body. Any person with a BMI above 25 is considered overweight, with BMI above 30 being categorized as obese.

The quest for an aesthetically beautiful body is the desire of a huge slice of the population. Generally, information about weight loss provided by the media (television or print) is wrong and incomplete. Often, such information does not consider people’s individuality (Fernández et al., 2019). It is very important to know what has been said about weight loss to guarantee the practice of safe and well-balanced physical activity. Therefore, it is necessary to answer some questions: Does the duration of television watching affect a person’s weight? Does the number of physical exercise days in a week influence weight loss?

Based on the above questions, the study will analyze the following hypotheses;

Null Hypothesis (H0): The duration of watching television does not determine the weight loss goals and physical activity effectiveness.

Alternative Hypothesis (H1): The duration of watching television determines the weight loss goals and physical activity effectiveness.

Literature Review

Many controversies have arisen regarding reducing the percentage of fat in body composition. The most common is the effectiveness of a resistance program with weights (weight training), continuous cardiorespiratory training and interval training, and a combination of some of these types of training. Because of this problem, this study aims to demonstrate through the literature the effects of the most common types of training that can help reduce the percentage of fat.

Aerobic Training

The energy used to perform aerobic exercise comes from the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates. Fat oxidation is exclusively aerobic. Therefore, aerobic training is highly recommended when the practitioner aims to lose weight. Aerobic training usually takes place through continuous training, which is based on typically aerobic exercises, also called cyclic exercises (running, walking, cycling), whose duration is prolonged as low, moderate, or high intensity – 50% to 85% of VO2 max. – in a cadenced rhythm, provoking an improvement in oxygen transport to the cellular level developing aerobic resistance.

According to Parekh & Deierlein (2020), heart rate should be between 60 and 90% of the maximum for exercise to positively affect the body. For (Parekh & Deierlein, 2020), the target training zone must be between 65 and 85% of the frequency maximum heart rate. According to Schembre et al. (2018), the determination of the target zone of continuous training varies according to the proposed objectives, age, and aptitude. Among these activities, Schembre et al. (2018) highlight brisk walking, slow to moderate running, biking, swimming, skating, rowing, or any other enjoyable activity that uses a lot of muscle mass.

Anaerobic Training

Anaerobic training is characterized when the energy supply to sustain the exercise comes from anaerobic sources, that is, without the presence of oxygen. These sources can be adenosine triphosphate-creatine – ATP-PC – and anaerobic glycolysis (Parekh & Deierlein, 2020). Anaerobic exercise is usually performed at high intensities and for short periods. Even being carried out in a short period can be subdivided into lactic or alactic. It can produce lactic acid or not (Petersen et al., 2019). The activity is alactic when intense physical activity lasts up to approximately 10 seconds. The activity becomes lactic, lasting for up to 3 minutes. However, when we are in aerobic activity, and we increase the intensity of the exercise, we can reach the lactate threshold, where the lactic acid produced in the muscles reduces the mobilization of fat, forcing the exercise to use sources of energy anaerobes (Parekh & Deierlein, 2020). Anaerobic activities – performed above the anaerobic threshold – are usually performed by interval methods benefiting the cardiovascular system, recruiting, and benefit rapidly oxidizing glycolytic muscle fibers.

Role of Exercise in Weight Loss

It must be established that exercise is not necessary to lose weight. There is a need for a caloric deficit, the magnitude of which is easily controlled by diet. However, exercise plays a critical role in losing and maintaining body weight and provides a greater expense for daily energy and greater mobilization of fat due to the greater activity of the adipose tissue during its execution (Fernández et al., 2019). It causes an increase in the resting metabolic and possible increase in the thermogenic response to food, in the case of exercises performed shortly before a meal, minimal loss of lean body mass, improvement in psychological state, delay in the rate of decrease metabolic rate of basal metabolic rate with dietary restrictions and perhaps better appetite control.

Physical activity constitutes the most variable part of the energy balance equation’s energy expenditure side, representing 5 to 40% of energy consumption daily. However, Petersen et al. (2019) state that this expense can vary from 5 to 50% of the daily energy consumption. There is epidemiological evidence suggesting an inverse association between physical activity and body weight, with a fat body being more favorably distributed in the physically active (Petersen et al., 2019). Thus, Weight loss with exercise aid results in an ideal body fat index with greater body weight.

Methodology

The first part of the work was carried out through a literature review. Therefore, articles were selected to obtain the most current ones possible. First, the work was based on exercise physiology, where the main focus was physical activity aimed at weight loss and weight control. The discussion revolved around the relationship between the aesthetic standards that the media emphasizes and the relationship of these standards to the attitudes of people who seek to fit in.  in those standards.

Additionally, the data was collected from a survey for different categories starting from 12 years old or younger, 13 years, 14 years, 15 years, 16 years, 17 years, and 18 years old or older. The respondents were from 9^th grade and were asked about their activities that may expose them to health risks. Among the risk factors are weight, duration of television watching per day, and how the number of days engages in physical exercise per week influences weight loss. The weight, height, age, ethnicity, and gender will be descriptive statistics. The weight loss will be the dependent variable, with physical exercise, computer usage, and television watching serving as the independent variables. The descriptive statistics measure the minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation. The

Analysis

Below are the obtained results from the analysis.

Descriptive Statistics

Table 1: Descriptive Statistics

	N	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	Std. Deviation
How old are you	15558	1	7	5.04	1.235
How much do you weigh	14358	33.57	180.99	67.7794	17.24204
Valid N (listwise)	14358

Table 2: Gender

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Female	7757	49.6	50.0	50.0
	Male	7749	49.6	50.0	100.0
	Total	15506	99.2	100.0
Missing	System	118	.8
Total		15624	100.0

Linear Regression

Table 3:Regression Results

ANOVA
Model		Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
1	Regression	45.700	1	45.700	34.179	.000b
	Residual	18260.541	13657	1.337
	Total	18306.240	13658

Results

The respondents’ age varied from 1 to 7, with an average age of 5.04 and a standard deviation of 1.235. Their weight ranged from 33.57 to 180.99 pounds. Most of the respondents perform physical activities at least five days a week. Thus, the data is skewed to the right, with an average weight was 67.7794 pounds with a standard deviation of 17.24204. This data indicates that some of the respondents are overweight. The regression results indicate statistically significant at an F value of 34.179 and a p-value of 0.000. Therefore, the duration of watching television determines the weight loss goals and physical activity effectiveness.

Conclusion

The most effective way to lose weight with exercise is a combination of aerobic activities and activities with weight training. Weight training stimulates the increase of muscle mass, consequently increasing basal metabolism rate. The increase of this rate provides a greater energy expenditure, even with the organism at rest, since that muscle tissue is very active. The energy used to perform aerobic activities comes from the oxidation of fatty acids (fat) and carbohydrates. Therefore, aerobic activity is essential to burn fat and consequently lose weight. To be performed safely, this exercise must be accompanied by a professional in the area of Physical Education, as this is the qualified professional to prescribe physical exercises in an individualized way that respects the limits and characteristics of each person.

Further clarification on safety in the practice of physical activities is needed. In this way, the possible damages that the indiscriminate and uncontrolled practice of the activity can cause people. Especially in people with a predisposition to coronary heart disease. Despite the media valuing – mainly – the thin and slender, practically unattainable for most of the population that craves them, it can help people become aware of the importance of physical activity, maintenance of health, and, still, to promote actions that stimulate the practice of physical exercises with guidance from professionals in the area of Physical Education.

References

Petersen, J. M., Prichard, I., & Kemps, E. (2019). A comparison of physical activity mobile apps with and without existing web-based social networking platforms: systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research, 21(8), e12687.

Fernández-Bustos, J. G., Infantes-Paniagua, Á., Cuevas, R., & Contreras, O. R. (2019). Effect of physical activity on self-concept: Theoretical model on the mediation of body image and physical self-concept in adolescents. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 1537.

Schembre, S. M., Liao, Y., Robertson, M. C., Dunton, G. F., Kerr, J., Haffey, M. E., … & Hicklen, R. S. (2018). Just-in-time feedback in diet and physical activity interventions: systematic review and practical design framework. Journal of medical Internet research, 20(3), e8701.

Parekh, N., & Deierlein, A. L. (2020). Health behaviours during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: implications for obesity. Public Health Nutrition, 23(17), 3121-3125.

Tomiyama, A. J., Carr, D., Granberg, E. M., Major, B., Robinson, E., Sutin, A. R., & Brewis, A. (2018). How and why weight stigma drives the obesity ‘epidemic’and harms health. BMC medicine, 16(1), 1-6.